roosevelt



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. L. ROOSEVELT & G. S. HASKBLL.

PNEUMATIC ACTION FOR ORGANS.

Patented Aug. 4, 1885.

WITNESSES:

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. L. ROOSEVELT & O. S. HASKELL. PNEUMATIC ACTION FOR ORGANS.

No. 323,829. Patented Aug. 4, 1885.

E INVENTO mi /& {5w 5 4 K A V g DruTnn STATES IIILBORNE L. ROOSEVELT, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y., AND CHARLES S. HAS- KELL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA; SAID HASKELL ASSIGNOB TO SAID ROOSEVELT.

PNEUMATIC ACTBON FOR ORGANS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,829, dated August Q, 1885.

Application filed July 24, 1 884. (No model.)

To all whmn it may concern.-

Be it known that we, l-IILBORNE L. ROOsE- VELT, of the city, county and State of New York, and CHARLES S. I'IASKELL, of the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, and citizens of the United States, haveinvented certain Improvements in Pneu matic Actions for Organs, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates in general to the windehests of pipeorgans, and relates, specifically, to pneumatic bellows, or pneumatics, as they are popularly termed, employed in connection with wind-chests, and constructed on what is known as the exhaust system.

Pneumatic bellows, as such, are contrivances for lessening the amount of force required to play an organ of even moderate power against the pressure of the wind in the wind-chest;

The objects of our improvements, which relate, as stated, to the pneumatic bellows of the windchest, and utilize compressed air in lieu of the usually complicated pneumatic levers, touch-lighteners, and kindred mechanical contrivances, are to simplify construction, obviate the necessity of dependent mechanism, render the expansion and contraction of the material used in the manufacture of the wind-chest a matter of no consequence, overcome such objections as have heretofore been inseparable from inflation, render the action more rapid and attended with less noise, and relieve weight of touch.

The foregoing objects we attain by mechair ism a preferred form of a convenient embodiment of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and explained in the following description, the particular subject-matter claimed being hereinafter definitely specified.

Heretofore in pipe-organs, pneumatic bel lows placed in the wind-chest have been, in various modes of application, employed to control the throats or orifices of the windduets leading from out the chambers of the wind-chest to the pipes or to the atmosphere. Thus, for instance, the movable board of the pneumatic bellows itself has been so relatively disposed with respect to a pipe wind-duct as to itself constitute a valve to the throat of said duct when the bellows has been expanded, the said movable board having been retained in its expanded position by the assist ance of a spring interposed between the fixed and movable boards. controlled pallet over the pipe-throat has been linked to the movable board of a pneumatic bellows so as to be controlled by the movement of said board. Thus, again, in mechanical musical reed-instruments of the character operating through the medium of a perforated strip of sheet-music, the movable side of a device of somewhat the character of a pneumatic bellows has been prolonged and linked to a pivotal valve controlling an air-duct. At the outstart, therefore, of this specification, we desire to disclaim either the invention of a pneumatic bellows as such, its application Thus, also, a spring within a wind-chest, or its utilization withi'ii said wind-chest as a device, broadly as such, for controlling the throat of the wind-duct leading to the pipe, that which, in fact, con stitutes our invention being such aspecific improvement in the construction and applica tion of the pneumatic bellows as is hereinafter at length set forth.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in perspective of a pneumatic bellows embodying our improvement and removed from the windchest. Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of a portion of the pneumatic arm and spring. Figs. 3 and at are longitudinal central sectional side elevations of a portion of the said pneumatic bellows,the parts being represented in Fig. 3 in the position which they occupy when the disk-pallet of the pneumatic is closed upon the pipe-duct, the pneumatic be ing distended, and in Fig. 4 in the position which they occupy when the pneumatic is collapsed and its disk-pallet lifted from the pipeduct. Fig. 5 is a front clevational partial detail of the arm and spring. Figs. 6 and 7 are side sectional elevations of our improvements applied to a windchest,,Fig. 6 representing the position of parts when the pipes are silent and Fig. 7 when speaking.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on the line so 00 of Fig. 7, sight being taken in the direction of the arrow in said figure.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

For the more clear understanding of our inr provements, it is proper to describe so much of a pneumatic wind-chest and its connected appliances as are shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 80f the drawings.

A is a wind-chest of the form known as the Roosevelt, and a the Windchambers which extend longitudinally therethrough and are formed between the partition-bars M.

l are the pipes, and p the pipe-ducts which lead from out the wind-chambers to said pipes.

O is the pallet-box, which is in communica tion with the wind-supply by means ofa windtrunk, (not shown,) and through the bottom of which extend to the outer atmosphere the valve-throats (Z, which, midway of their depth, are respectivelyin communication with windducts, which we herein term the valveways (1, formed in the bottom board, D, of the wind-chest, from which valveways lead the windways (1*, which vent within the pneumatic bellows E secured within the wind-chambers.

F F are respectively the upper and lower puppet-valves, or disk -pallets, as they are sometimes termed, which control the respective orifices of the valve-throats d, and the valve-stems or pallet-wiresfof which con neet below with the secondary lever G, controlled by the spring g, and operated through the tracker H in the usual manner.

Each of the windchambers a of the chest is, by means of suitable pallets and in the usual manner,in controllable communication with a wind-trunk and organ-bellows, there being no communication between the pallet-box and said chambers. It is, of course, understood that there are any desired number of pipes, wind-chambers, and pneumatics,while the lat ter are supplied by a suitable number of valveways and controlled by a suitable number of valves and keys.

In a position of rest the various operative instrumentalities of or connected with the wind-chest are in the position represented in Fig. 6that is to say, the secondary lever G is in its elevated position, the puppet-valves F seated on the lower openings of the throats (Z, and the wind in consequence in the valveways (Z and within the pneumatic bellows, which assume their expanded position. The depression of any key in the action occasioir ing the depression of the secondary lever, permits of the drop of that valve-stein and pair of puppet valves with which said key communicates, shuts off the wind from the connected valveway, and gives the lead to the exhaust from out said valveway, thereby permitting the collapse of the connected pneumatics under the pressure of wind at the time existing in the wind-chambers and causing the pipes to speak. The relief of pressure upon the same key oceasioning the rise of the secondary lever and the lift of that valve-stem and pair of puppetyalves with which said key eommuni cates, permits of the influx of wind from the pallet-box to a given valveway, and thence through the windways of said valveway to the pneumatic bellows which are in communication with said valveway, so as to silence the pipes.

All of the above features of construction which render the foregoing operation possible are well known in the art.

The features of construction which constitute the novelty of our invention all relate to the construction, operation, and mode of application of the pneumatic bellows, an d are the following:

B is the fixed, and 13 the movable, board of the pneumatic bellows, which boards are connected together to form a bellows as such by the flaps b, of pliable material. An aperture, I), through the fixed board of the pneumatic comes in position when said pneumatic is in place in the wind-chest over the dischargingorifice of the windway (1*. It is of course to be understood that the requisite number of these pneumatics is employed, and that the description relates to but one alone for the purpose of clearness.

Projecting from the upper or hinged ex tremity of the movable board of the pneumatic is what I term a pneumatic arm, 0 which is preferably made of the curvatures shown in the drawings, and especially illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, i, and 5. The outer or upper extremity of this aim is preferably enlarged in disk form, to form a head, I), and is provided with a laterally and upwardly project ing curved guard, b, in the nature of a lug, ear, or kindred retaining device.

That surface of the enlarged portion or head of the arm which is intermediate between the curved guard and the prolongation of that side of the arm which faces toward said guard serves as a slide-bearing or journalsuriace, upon which rests and in the action of theparts travels the spring S, hereinafter described. The oiiice of the curved guard is to retain the spring fixedly to its bearing upon the head of the arm. The diskshapcd head of the arm is not a necessary although it is the best construction, and the arm is perfectly operative without any enlargement upon its extremity, provided it be equipped with the curved guard or an equivalent device-such, for instance, as a stud or other keeper to retain against slipping off or lateral movement the outer extremity of the spring.

S, as stated, is the spring, which is prefer ably a steel wire or other rod of elastic metal secured in any suitable manner, but prefer ably in the manner illustrated in Figs. 2 and l, to the fixed board of the pneumatic, and extending out beyond the head of the pneu matic arm between the side of said arm and the curved guard thereupon. That application of the spring which we prefer to make is by bending its inner extremity to a right angle and driving it into the under face of the fixed board of the pneumatic, and by providing said fixed board with a longitudinal slot, 8, extending from a point, 00, slightly in advance of the point 00, at which the turned-in end of the spring is driven into the board out to the upper extremity of the fixed board, the depth of the slot being considerably in excess of the diameter of the spring.

The above arrangement, as a reference to Figs. 3 and 4: will show, transfers the fulcrum or point at which the leverage of the spring commences to be exerted from the extreme upper end of the fixed board back to the point .r, and so permits of the use of a slightly lighter spring, and renders more evenly distributed and less abrupt the tension exerted upon said spring when the compressed air in the wind-chamber is caused to compress the movable board of the bellows, and so through the action of the pneumatic arm against the spring to deflect said spring from its normal A reference to the various views of the drawings, and especially to Fig. 1, will show that the spring and the pneumatic arm cross each other, and that the normal set of the spring is such that in the absence of windpressure, or under an equilibrium of internal and external pressures, its stress is exerted against the arm to retain the arm normally in the position represented in Fig. 3, a position necessarily coupled with the separation to their full extent of the boards of the pneumatic, and the consequent expansion of said pneumatic.

The upper extremity or head of the pneumatic arm is provided with a rearwardly-extending pin or rivet, J, which is provided with a disk valve or pallet, K, adapted to close the throat of the pipe-duct p. This diskpallet is preferably of papier-mach or kin dred material, stamped or molded to the form represented in section in Fig. 4that is to say, with a central concave-convex boss, k, the concavity of which serves to receive the head of the rivet, and the convexity of which serves as a spherical shoulder resting against the under side of the head of the pneumatic arm and permitting a certain amount of rocking or oscillatory play about its pivot to the disk.

The pneumatic bellows is removably retained in place by the following contrivances: L L are respectively an upper and alower open-ended or forked cleat of the form especially illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings, which are preferably of metal driven home into the extremities of the fixed board of the pneumatic. The upper of these cleats is adaptcd to be engaged with a fixed screw or headed pin or rivet, m secured in the substance of the partition-bar in alignment below the throat of the pipe-duct p, and in position when the upper cleat, L, is engaged with it to bring the pneumatic in such proper position as to cause its disk-pallet to register in position to close the said pipe-duct p and its aperture Z) to register with the windway (2*.

When the above engagement of the upper forked cleat with the fixed screw has been effected, a lower removable screw, N, is driven into a previously-made socket in such manner as to engage the lower forked cleat, L, and retain the pneumatic in position. The above removable application of the pneumatic, which is desirable for purposes of cleaning and repair, is rendered possible by making the bottom board, D,of the wind-chest removable by the loosening of its fastening-screws (P.

The operation of our improved contrivance will be understood from the foregoing descrip tion. Wind admitted from the pallet box through a given valveway and windways to the interior of given pneumatics serves to expand them, close their dislepallets, and shut off the wind in the chambers of said pneumatics from their pipes in which operation the spring cooperates,while the shutting off of the wind from the pallet-box and the allowing of its escape from the given pneumatics to the atmosphere permit the wind in the windchambers to close the said pneumatics against the stress of the spring, to lift their disk pallets off the throats of their pipe-ducts, and so cause the pipes to speak.

The devices composing our improvement are not only simpler and cheaper, but more use ful and uniformly effective than other contrivances heretofore employed for a kindred purpose, and hereinbefore disclaimed.

Having thus described our invention, we claim- 1. As a new article of manufacture, apneumatic bellows for the wind-chest of an organ, the movable board of which is provided with an arm which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board and is equipped with a pallet, and the fixed board of which is provided with a spring which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board and functionally operates to deflect the pallet-carrying arm and movable board in such manner as to distend the bellows,substantially as described.

2. In combination with the wind-chest of an organ, equipped with a pipe and adapted to be supplied with or exhausted of wind,a pneumatic bellows so applied within said windchest as to be internally and at will supplied with or exhausted of wind, the fixed board of which bellows is provided with aspring which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board, and the movable board of which is provided with an arm which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board and is equipped with a pallet adapted to close the opening leading to the pipe, the arrangement being such that under an equilibrium of internal and external pressures the spring functionally operates to deflect the pallet-carrying arm and movable board in such manner as to retain the pallet seated upon the pipeopening and the bellows distended, substantially as set forth.

3. As a new article of manufi1ctnrc,apneumatic bellows for the wind-chest of an organ, the movable board of which is provided with an arm which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board, is provided with a guard, and equipped with a pallet, and the fixed board of whichis provided with aspring which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board,is crossed with and finds a bearing upon the arm, is retained in position with respect to its said bearing by the guard of the arm, and functionally operates to deflect the pallet-carryingarm and movable board in such manner as to distend the bellows, substantially as set forth.

t. As a new article of manufacturea removable pneumatic bellows forthe wind-chest ofan organ,the movable board of which is provided with an arm which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board and is equipped with a pallet, and the fixed board of which is provided at each extremity with a forked clcat, and with a spring which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board, and functionally operates to deflect the pallet-carrying arm and movable board in such manner as to move the movable board from the fixed board and in such manner distend the bellows, substantially as described.

5. In combination with the wiudchest of an organ,the partition bar or side of which is pro vided with a pipe-duet leading to the pipe, with a windway in communication with the pallet-box, with a fixed screw below the pipe duct,and with a socket for a removable screw, and which chest is provided with a removable bottom board, 'a removablepneumatic bellows provided with. a allet-carrying arm and spring as hereinbel'ore set forth, the fixed board of which bellows is provided with two forked cleats at its extremities, one of which, when the bottom board is removed,is adapted to be engaged with the fixed screw, and the other to receive a removable screw adapted to be entered and engaged within the socket,substantially as described.

6. As a new article of manufacture,a pneumatic bellows for the wind-chest of an organ, the movable board of which is provided with an arm which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board and is equipped with a pallet, and the fixed board of which is provided with a slot on its under surface, and with a spring which projects beyond the hinged extremity of said board, plays in said slot, and functionally operates to deflect the pallet-carrying arm and movableboard in such manner as to distend the bellows,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto signed our names this 9th day of July, A. I). 188i.

IIILBORIIE L. ROOSEVELT. CHARLES S. IIASKELL.

In presence ol' JOHN W. Hnnvs, J oiIN ADALIE. 

